Links for 2007-12-23

Articles:

• Swarm Intelligence: A Whole New Way to Think About Business
• Swarm intelligence, I think, is a synonym to crowd wisdom.
• The reasons social insets are almost everywhere on earth may due to three characteristics:
• Flexibility - the group can quickly adapt to a changing environment.
  
• Robustness - even when on or more individuals fail, the group can still perform its tasks.
  
• Self-organization - the group needs relatively little supervision or top-down control.
• The foraging principles of social insects, like ants and honeybees, have been applied to solve routing problems, packaging problems, even some business problems.
• Artificial Neural Networks: A Tutorial
• The architectures of neural networks were grouped in two categories:
• Feed-forward networks
• Single-layer perception
• Multilayer perceptron
• Radial basis function nets
• Feedback/Recurrent networks
• Competitive networks
• Kohonen's SOM
• Hopfield network
• ART models
• The learning process of neural networks were grouped in three paradigms:
• Supervised
• Error-correction
• Boltzmann
• Hebbian
• Competitive
  
• Unsupervised
• Error-correction
• Hebbian
• Competitive
  
• Hybrid
• Error-correction and competitive
• Among the various neural networks, not every method was suitable to all kinds of problems. Certain types of problems were best solved by some methods. Thus, the choice of the best techniquest should be driven by the given applications' nature.